Topic: 6.1: Contextualizing Period 6

Learning Objectives:  –Explain political, social and economic trends for women during this time period –Explain the role of race, class, gender, sexuality, ability and religion in shaping women’s lives during this era –Explain the difference between advocating for protective legislation and supporting the Equal Rights Amendment –Explain advances made by women in science during this time period

Essential Understandings:  –Understand the historical context for the Great War –Understand the importance of the founding of the Girl Scouts –Understand the importance of the Sheppard- Towner Act –Understand the historical context for World War II –Understand the historical context of the Cold War

Recommended Sources: —Primary sources on women in science and technology –Articles on Black suffragists from the California Eagle –“Can’t Vote, Won’t Pay Taxes: Miss Belle Squire, Suffragist, Comes Out in Open Revolt,” Chicago Tribune, February 11, 1910 –Excerpts, Abigail Scott Duniway, Path Breaking: An Autobiographical History of the Equal Suffrage Movement in the Pacific Coast States, 1914 –African American Women in the Struggle for the Vote, 1850-1920 by Rosalyn Terborg-Penn  –Excerpts, Defenders of the Unborn: The Pro-Life Movement Before Roe v. Wade by Daniel K. Williams —“The Contested Meaning of Women’s Equality” by Erika Bachiochi Teaching Resources: –Film: Triangle Fire —A Timeline of Contraception, American Experience (PBS)

Thematic Focus: Women’s Activism

Women have utilized a wide variety of strategies to demonstrate agency and challenge male authority throughout American history. Women have also contributed to the pursuit of equality with men, even as they worked to define it in different ways

Topic: 6.2: Women’s Suffrage Movement

Learning Objectives:  –Understand how the suffrage movement was divided by race, class, region and sexuality –Understand the role of NAWSA in leading the women’s suffrage movement from 1890-1920 –Understand why not all women supported the suffrage movement –Understand the cause and effects of the 1919 protest led by the National Women’s Party against the arrival of President Woodrow Wilson in Boston –Explain the causes and short and long term effects of the Silent Sentinels

Essential Understandings:  –Understand the political work of the following suffragists —Carrie Chapman Catt —Nora Stanton Blatch Blarney —Zitkala-Sa —Frances Williard —Adelina Otero-Warren —Gail Laughlin —Tye Leung Schulze —Ida B. Wells-Barnett –Many notable women in this era were opposed to suffrage, including muckraker Ida Tarbell –Maud Wood Park helped create the Schlesinger Library when she donated her papers  –Understand how many women, such as Katherine Morey, Alice Paul and Lucy Burns went to jail for advocating for the right to vote –Understand the political significance of the Night of Terror

Recommended Sources: –Images from Women of Protest —“Testimony at Suffrage Parade Hearing,” Alice Paul, 1913 —“The Meaning of Woman Suffrage,” Mabel Lee, 1914 “Values of the Vote,” Max Eastman, 1912 —Petition from the Women of Georgia Protesting the Women’s Suffrage Amendment (1913) –“Is Woman’s Suffrage a Failure?” Ida Tarbell, 1924 –“Reminding the President When He Landed in Boston” The Suffragist, 1919 –Southern Women’s League, “Declaration of Principles for the Rejection of the Proposed Susan B. Anthony Amendment to the Constitution of the United States,” 1919 —Missouri & the suffrage movement –Film: Iron Jawed Angels —Biography of Alice Paul from Belmont-Paul Women’s Equality Monument —Circus women and the suffrage movement

Thematic Focus: Women and American Culture

It is essential to understand the significant role of women in the formation of American culture, including religion, health, art, psychology, and literature, to better understand the development of the United States

Topic: 6.3: Citizenship & Immigration

Learning Objectives:  –Explain the expansion of citizenship and restrictions on immigration –Explain controversies throughout American history over birthright citizenship

Essential Understandings:  –Understand the Supreme Court’s interpretation of the 14th Amendment and the impact court decisions had on women –Understand the intent behind the privileges & immunities clause of the 14th Amendment and how it was interpreted by the Supreme Court  –Understand the consequences of the Bath riots

Recommended Sources: –Excerpts from Zikala-Ša’s Americanize the First Americans (1920) Indian Citizenship Act (1924) –“Suffragists Abroad” from Why They Marched: Untold Stories of the Women Who Fought for the Right to Vote by Susan Ware.

Thematic Focus: Women’s Activism

Women have utilized a wide variety of strategies to demonstrate agency and challenge male authority throughout American history. Women have also contributed to the pursuit of equality with men, even as they worked to define it in different ways

Topic: 6.4: Women’s activism in the “doldrums”

Learning Objectives:  –Explain the concepts of the doldrums and multiple perspectives on the wave model of the women’s movement –Understand the impact of Frances Perkins as “architect of the New Deal” Understand the role of women in the revival of the Ku Klux Klan –Understand that white women often protected white supremacy in the interwar era

Essential Understandings:  –Understand women’s activism in the “doldrums” Understand the role of women in the Harlem Renaissance –Especially Zora Neale Hurston, Augusta Savage and Lorraine Hansberry –Understand the political partnership of Mary McLeod Bethune and First Lady Eleanor Roosevelt –Understand the role of women in the labor rights movement including the work of the following women: Elizabeth Gurley Flynn and Rose Schneidermann –Understand the role of at the campaign for gender equality & the Industrial Workers of the World

Recommended Sources: –Alice Dunbar-Nelson, Come Out of the Kitchen Mary (1919) –“EL Congreso de Pueblo de Habla Española: Resolutions Adopted by the Second Convention, 1939 –Excerpts, Survival in the Doldrums by Leila J. Rupp & Verta A. Taylor –“La Mujer Nueva” [The New Woman] by Clotilde Betances Jaeger, Gráfico, May 18, 1929 –Photo: National Legion of Mothers Ceremony Biography of Elizabeth Dilling —Photo: Mrs. B.G.Miller, member of the “Hollywood Protective Association” stand in front of a racial slur –Suzanne Silvercruys Stevenson, anti-communism & the Minute Women of the U.S.A.

Thematic Focus: Women’s Activism

Women have utilized a wide variety of strategies to demonstrate agency and challenge male authority throughout American history. Women have also contributed to the pursuit of equality with men, even as they worked to define it in different ways

Topic: 6.5: Early steps towards the Equal Rights Amendment

Learning Objectives:  –Explain the political struggle over the Equal Rights Amendment from 1923-1963

Essential Understandings:  –Understand the debate between egalitarianism and protectionism –Understand why women’s rights activists were divided over the ERA during this era –The Equal Rights Amendment was first introduced over 100 years ago in 1923 in Seneca Falls, New York by the National Woman’s Party led by former suffragist, Alice Paul. –Paul, a Quaker, fought for the Equal Rights Amendment for the rest of her long life. Important feminists of faith, including the iconic Reverend Dr. Pauli Murray, spoke at her funeral.  –Many women, including feminists, were opposed to the ERA because of fear it would eliminate protective legislation

Recommended Sources: –Original wording of the Equal Rights Amendment Elsie Hill and Florence Kelley take Opposing Positions on Proposed Equal Rights Bill (1922) Principles” National Woman’s Party, 1922 –Excerpts from “The “Blanket” Amendment–A Debate between Doris Stevens and Dr. Alice Hamilton,” 1924 —History of the ERA from the Alice Paul Center for Gender Justice

Thematic Focus: Violence Against Women, Pacifism and War

Throughout American history, women have been subject to both private and state sanctioned violence. They have utilized a variety of formal and informal methods to protect themselves through pacifism and one another against violence. They have also been at the forefront of peace movements and war efforts

Topic: 6.6: World War I & Pacifism

Learning Objectives:  –Explain the role of women during the Great War –Explain how the concept of total war impacted women –Explain the role of women in a growing pacifist movement during the interwar period

Essential Understandings:  Understand a variety of viewpoints of women regarding the U.S. entry into World War I Understand the foreign policy work of Jane Addams Understand the suffrage, legal and pacifist work of Inez Milholland Understand the political career of Jeannette Rankin Understand the ideological differences between the National Woman’s Party and the National American Women’s Suffrage Association regarding protesting for suffrage during World War I Understand the significance of women in World War I on the suffrage & women’s rights movement after the war

Recommended Sources: —Women’s International League for Peace and Freedom –Excerpts, Inez: The Life and Times of Inez Milholland by Linda J. Lumsden

Thematic Focus: Women and American Culture

It is essential to understand the significant role of women in the formation of American culture, including religion, health, art, psychology, and literature, to better understand the development of the United States

Topic 6.7: Women’s Health

Learning Objectives:  –Explain the origins of the birth control movement –Explain why eugenics emerged in this time period and the impact of this movement on women from a variety of racial and socioeconomic backgrounds –Explain the complexity of the political work of Margaret Sanger

Essential Understandings:  –Understand the importance of Henrietta Lacks & HeLa cells –The work of suffragist and medical doctor, Dr. Marie Equi, exemplifies this as she experienced increasing restrictive laws that limited her ability to live in a same sex partnership as well as provide access to reproductive health options for women. During WWI, the US attorney working in Portland called her the “most dangerous person at large in Oregon –Understand the importance of the Dickinson-Belskie Birth Atlas series –Understand ongoing concerns about a lack of women’s health research in clinical trials –Understand the political work of Mary Ware Dennett

Recommended Sources: —Buck v. Bell (1927) –The Immortal Life of Henrietta Lacks by Rebecca Sloot —United States v. One Package of Japanese Pessaries (1936) —Images from the the Dickinson-Belskie Collection —“The Long Shadow of Eugenics” by Linda Villarosa (about the Relf sisters) —Involuntary Sterilization of Native Women  Dr. Florence Rena Sabin

Thematic Focus: Violence Against Women, Pacifism and War

Throughout American history, women have been subject to both private and state sanctioned violence. They have utilized a variety of formal and informal methods to protect themselves through pacifism and one another against violence. They have also been at the forefront of peace movements and war efforts

Topic 6.8: World War II

Learning Objectives:  –Explain the role of women in the Second World War –Explain the impact of racial segregation on jobs held by women during the Second World War –Explain the causes and effects of Japanese American internment

Essential Understandings:  –Understand the historic importance of the following women Josephine Baker Mary McLeod Bethune –Understand the social and economic impact of “Rosie the Riveter”  –Understand why Eleanor Roosevelt argued Black women to be included in the Women’s Army Corps (WAC) –Understand the significance of Bessie Coleman –Understand forced Japanese incarceration and removal undertaken by the U.S. government –Understand the role of anti-communist conservative women in the 1930s and 1940s

Recommended Sources: —Women’s Memorial —“Women and Religious Practice in American Judaism” by Ann Baude —Rosie the Riveter Museum —Primary Sources from Library of Congress on Japanese American Internment —Bessie “Two Gun” Burchett enters Dies Committee  meeting (1942) –Dorothea Lange photos of Japanese camp survivors

Thematic Focus: Women’s labor, industry and technology

Women have played major roles in the development of American industry and have been subject to both physical and emotional labor

Topic: 6.9: Worker’s rights

Learning Objectives:  –Explain the role of women in labor unions –Explain how women of different social classes navigated the Gilded Age and the Progressive Era –Explain the role of women in the New Deal

Essential Understandings:  –Understand how women are impacted by race, class, gender, and other factors of identity and that has played a major role in their involvement with worker’s rights –Understand the controversies over the expansion of the federal government during the New Deal

Essential Understandings:  –Understand how women are impacted by race, class, gender, and other factors of identity and that has played a major role in their involvement with worker’s rights –Understand the controversies over the expansion of the federal government during the New Deal Society) —Women’s Bureau, An Overview 1920-2021 Post-World War II, 1946-1970

Thematic Focus: Women and American Culture

It is essential to understand the significant role of women in the formation of American culture, including religion, health, art, psychology, and literature, to better understand the development of the United States

Thematic Focus: Women’s Activism

Women have utilized a wide variety of strategies to demonstrate agency and challenge male authority throughout American history. Women have also contributed to the pursuit of equality with men, even as they worked to define it in different ways

Topic 6.10: The Cold War

Learning Objectives:  –Explain why many prominent second wave feminists such as Bettina Aptheker were raised as “red diaper babies” within the communist movement and became disillusioned with the misogyny within communism –Explain the political organizing done by women to further the gay rights movement –Explain why lesbian women such as Madeleine Tress lost employment due to the Lavender Scare

Essential Understandings:  –Understand the short and long term consequences of the Lavender Scare –Understand the story of Ethel Rosenberg Understand the political work of the Daughters of Bilitis, the first lesbian rights organization (1956) led by Phyllis Lyon and Del Martin –Understand the role of Sojourners for Truth and Justice –Understand the significance of the election of Kathy Kozachenko (1974), to the Ann Arbor, MI city council–the first open gay or lesbian American elected to public office

Recommended Sources: –Daughters of Bilitis, Purpose of the Daughters (1955) –J. Edgar Hoover, “Mothers…Our Only Hope” from Woman’s Home Companion (1944) –Sojourning for Freedom: Black Women, American Communism and the Making of Black Left Feminism by Erik S. McDuffie

Topic: 6.11: Founding Figures of Period 6

Learning Objectives:  –Explain the short and long term impact of foundational figures from Period 6

Essential Understandings:  –Understand the historic impact of the following on American history: —Pauli Murray —Jovita Idar —Margaret Chase Smith —Marion Anderson —Mourning Dove —Grace Murray Hopper —Amelia Earhart —Christine Jorgensen

Recommended Sources: –“Now We Can Begin” by Crystal Eastman —Sr. Grace Dammann’s Principles vs. Prejudice