Topic: 5.1: Contextualizing period 5

Learning Objectives:  –Explain 19th century changes for women –Explain 19th century continuities for women

Essential Understandings:  –Reform movements led by women, including temperance, suffrage, education and criminal justice reform, continued after the end of the Civil War.  –The decline of federal protection to enforce an attempt at a multiracial democracy contributed to the rapid growth of capitalism.  –Scholars continue to debate the end of Reconstruction, with some, such as Manisha Sinha, marking it as late as 1920 with the ratification of the 19th Amendment. –During the Gilded Age and through the progressive era, women undertook numerous protests against taxation without representation. For example, in 1877, Clara Shortridge Foltz, the first woman lawyer in the state of California, led a revolt against taxation in San Jose. –The Black club women’s movement played a pivotal role in furthering rights for women

Recommended Sources: —“Raising the Level of Suffrage in California, Or What Have They Done With It?” By Mary Roberts Coolidge –Vanguard: How Black Women Broke Barriers, Won the Vote, and Insisted on Equality for All by Martha S. Jones –Articles from The Truthseeker —Portrait: Dr. Mary Edwards Walker —A Lesser Mortal: The Unexpected Life of Sarah B. Cochran by Kimberly Hess

Thematic Focus: Women and American Culture

It is essential to understand the significant role of women in the formation of American culture, including religion, health, art, psychology, and literature, to better understand the development of the United States

Topic: 5.2: The Comstock Laws & Restellism

Learning Objectives:  –Explain the short and long term causes and effects of the Comstock Laws –Explain the role of Madame Restell in the criminalization of abortion and the expansion of civil liberties

Essential Understandings:  –Understand the 19th century concept of Resetellism –Understand how Madame Restell was socially perceived during Gilded Age –Understand how the women who fought the Comstock Laws, including Emma Goldman, Ida Craddock and Madame Restell, pioneered protection for civil liberties in the United States and helped lay the groundwork for the American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) –Understand there is an ongoing debate about the legality of the Comstock Laws in the 21st century

Recommended Sources: –The Comstock Laws Advertisements by Madame Restell –Ida Craddock, Suicide Note –Excerpts, The Man Who Hated Women by Amy Sohn –Excerpts, Heaven’s Bride: The Unprintable Life of Ida C. Craddock, American Mystic, Scholar, Sexologist, Martyr and Madwoman by Leigh Eric Shmidt –Matilda E. J. Gage, “Is Woman Her Own?” The Revolution, April 9, 1868  –Editorial, “Restellism Exposed,” The Revolution, December 2, 1869

Thematic Focus: Women’s Activism

Women have utilized a wide variety of strategies to demonstrate agency and challenge male authority throughout American history. Women have also contributed to the pursuit of equality with men, even as they worked to define it in different ways

Topic: 5.3: Women at the forefront of the struggle for civil rights & civil liberties

Learning Objectives:  –Explain how many women, including Jane Addams, Carrie Chapman Catt and Susan B. Anthony, lived in “Boston marriages” to challenge coverture laws  –Explain how women of color fought to access equal protection during the Gilded Age

Essential Understandings:  –Understand the concept of women as a moral force through the political work of the WCTU and Frances Willard –Jim Crow laws –Black & white women in the “New South” –Charlotte Perkins Gilman published the seminal text Women and Economics calling for women’s equality in the workforce and greater support by men and the state for child rearing

Recommended Sources: —“Letter to the San Francisco Board of Education” by Mary Tape, April 8, 1885 –To Believe in Women by Lillian Faderman –Documents about Dr. Rebecca Cole –“I Am an Anarchist” by Lucy E. Parsons –Biography of Dr. Halle Tanner Dillon Johnson

Thematic Focus: Women and the World

Transnational connections among women have existed since the early modern era and intensified through the 21st century through technology, globalization, cultural exchange, and international organizations

Topic: 5.4: Imperialism

Learning Objectives:  –Explain how imperialism impacted women’s lives  –Explain why advocates of women’s rights supported imperialism at the end of the 19th century and in the early 20th century –Explain how many late 19th and early 20th century suffragists supported the imperialism and promoted white supremacy

Essential Understandings:  –Understand the concept of Imperial suffragism –The overthrow of Queen Liliuokalani expanded U.S. power abroad and ended Hawaiian sovereignty Victorian norms had a major impact on U.S. foreign policy. These were strictly gendered and women’s political authority was often publicly condemned

Recommended Sources: –Suffragists in an Imperial Age Allison L. Sneider –Anna Julia Cooper “Woman vs. the Indian” –“Indian Citizenship” by Matilda Joslyn Gage, May 1878

Thematic Focus: Women and American Culture

It is essential to understand the significant role of women in the formation of American culture, including religion, health, art, psychology, and literature, to better understand the development of the United States

Thematic Focus: Women’s Activism

Women have utilized a wide variety of strategies to demonstrate agency and challenge male authority throughout American history. Women have also contributed to the pursuit of equality with men, even as they worked to define it in different ways

Topic: 5.5: Immigration & Citizenship

Learning Objectives:  –Explain the impact of nativism on women –Explain the effect of the Chinese Exclusion Act on women & immigration

Essential Understandings:  –Terrorist tactics used by the United States during war with the Philippines in this era will have a major impact on U.S. foreign policy in the early 21st century through the use of waterboarding in Guantanamo Bay –If a woman who was a U.S. citizen married someone with citizenship from another country she would lose her U.S. citizenship. For example, President Ulysses S. Grant’s daughter married a man who was a British citizen thereby losing her U.S. citizenship. She ultimately had her U.S. citizenship restored by a congressional act in 1898. –The Page Act was passed in 1875 which banned immigrant women for “immoral purposes.” This law disproportionately

Recommended Sources: —Nativism (Women & the American Story–NY Historical Society) –Excerpts, Free Thinker: Sex, Suffrage and the Extraordinary Life of Helen Hamilton Gardener by Kimberly A. Hamlin —Americans Who Tell The Truth

Thematic Focus: Women’s Activism

Women have utilized a wide variety of strategies to demonstrate agency and challenge male authority throughout American history. Women have also contributed to the pursuit of equality with men, even as they worked to define it in different ways

Topic: 5.6: Women’s suffrage movement

Learning Objectives:  –Explain why feminism as an ideology emerged in this time period –Explain the short and long term consequences of the National Association of Colored Women (NACW) and the club women movement –Explain the political activity of the following groups —National American Woman’s Suffrage Association —National Woman’s Suffrage Association  —American Woman’s Suffrage Association —Men’s League for Women’s Suffrage —National Association Opposed to Women’s Suffrage

Essential Understandings:  –Understand the impact of racism within the women’s suffrage movement –For example, many suffragists, including Susan B. Anthony, followed the British model of calling for women’s suffrage as part of an extension of “Anglo-Saxon civilization” which marginalized women of color from the movement –Analyze why former populists, such as Rebecca Latimer Felton who was the first woman to serve in the U.S. Senate, openly supported white supremacy –Understand the concept of “lifting as we climb” –Understand why some women in NAWSA who identified as progressive or “new women” were supportive of suffrage as well as Jim Crow laws. The life story of Laura Clay highlights this conflict within progressivism. –Understand why many women combined religious beliefs with political work such as Mormon suffragist Emmeline B. Wells –Understand why Black feminists in the Gilded Age, such as Anna Julia Cooper, Ida B. Wells, Harriet Tubman and Mary Church Terrell, pioneered the modern day concept of intersectionality through effective political organizing and raising awareness of racism within the women’s movement. –Understand how southern suffragists, such as Laura Clay and Kate Gordon, used racist tactics to appeal to white women in favor of a federal amendment through a “southern strategy” promoted by NAWSA.  This political tactic, commonly associated with Richard Nixon in the 1970s, was pioneered by Clay and Gordon and led to long lasting divisions in the women’s movement seen in the present day –Understand why many women opposed women’s suffrage such as Josephine Jewell Dodge

Recommended Sources: –Excerpts, Suffrage by Ellen Carol DuBois Excerpts, Votes for College Women by Kelly Marino –Excerpts, Vanguard by Martha S. Jones –Primary source: Anti-suffrage rose

Thematic Focus: Women’s Activism

Women have utilized a wide variety of strategies to demonstrate agency and challenge male authority throughout American history. Women have also contributed to the pursuit of equality with men, even as they worked to define it in different ways

Thematic Focus: Women and American culture

It is essential to understand the significant role of women in the formation of American culture, including religion, health, art, psychology, and literature, to better understand the development of the United States

Topic: 5.7: Populism, the Election of 1896 & Labor Organizing

Learning Objectives:  –Explain why many women participated in populist politics including Lutie A. Lytle –Explain the historical significance for women of the election of 1896 –Explain the significance of the political work of Mary Church Terrell as it relates to the transition to the progressive era, suffrage organizing and labor politics

Essential Understandings:  –Populists were the first major political party to support women’s suffrage Women were often marginalized in labor unions during the Gilded Age.  –No women attended the founding of the important labor union, the American Federation of Labor (AFL) –The 1896 GOP National Convention platform included the first “Rights for Women” Plank –Understand that women were at the forefront of labor organizing. For example, Lizzie Swank led a major protest in Chicago in 1886 –Mary E. Kenney was an important AFL organizer in the 1890s –Women were an important part of the membership of the United Garment Workers Union Understand the short and long term significance of the 1909 International Ladies Garment Workers Strike in New York City, known by some historians as “The Great Revolt” –Understand the short and long term significance of the Triangle Shirtwaist Factory Fire

Recommended Sources: –Excerpts from Mud, Blood and Ghosts by Julie Carr –Excerpts from Women and the American Labor Movement by Philip S. Foner –Biography of Annie LePorte Diggs –Primary sources: International Ladies Garment Workers Strike of 1909-1910

Thematic Focus: Women’s Activism

Women have utilized a wide variety of strategies to demonstrate agency and challenge male authority throughout American history. Women have also contributed to the pursuit of equality with men, even as they worked to define it in different ways

Topic: 5.8: Radical & Indigenous activism

Learning Objectives:  Explain the causes and effects of 19th century women’s radical activism Explain the political, social and economic significance of Indigenous persons on American culture in the late 19th century

Essential Understandings:  –Understand the importance of the following organizations, community gatherings and individuals –Lucy Gonzalez Parsons helped found the IWW (Wobblies) in 1905 Emma Goldman —Heterodoxy Club –Understand the concept of Two Spirit and the life story of We’wha. We’wha was born male and lived as a woman. They spent time in Washington, D.C. and met President Grover Cleveland

Recommended Sources: —Solitude of Self speech by Elizabeth Cady Stanton —Speeches by Emma Goldman —Biography of We’wha —Declaration of the Rights of Women (1876) written by Susan B. Anthony, Matilda Joselyn Gage & Elizabeth Cady Stanton —Biography of We’wha

Thematic Focus: Women and American Culture

It is essential to understand the significant role of women in the formation of American culture, including religion, health, art, psychology, and literature, to better understand the development of the United States

Topic 5.9: Spiritualism

Learning Objectives:  –Explain the causes and effects of spiritualism Teach the impact of Spiritualism on validating the female voice & agency –Explain how spiritualism challenged traditional and religious social norms, allowing women to speak in public and offering a religious outlet at a time when women’s ordination was widely prohibited –Explore the intersection of Spiritualism, Suffrage, & Abolition

Essential Understandings:  –Understand the stories of Victoria Woodhull and her sister Tennessee Claflin –Understand the connections between Mary Todd Lincoln & Spiritualism  –Understand the stories of Maggie & Kate Fox and Amy & Isaac Post.

Recommended Sources: –Ida Craddock suicide letter Beyond the Veil: Spiritualism in the 19th Century –Images from the spiritualist movement –Braude, Ann. Radical Spirits: Spiritualism and Women’s Rights in Nineteenth-Century America. Indiana University Press. 2nd edition, 2001.

Thematic Focus: Women and American Culture

It is essential to understand the significant role of women in the formation of American culture, including religion, health, art, psychology, and literature, to better understand the development of the United States

Thematic Focus: Women’s Activism

Women have utilized a wide variety of strategies to demonstrate agency and challenge male authority throughout American history. Women have also contributed to the pursuit of equality with men, even as they worked to define it in different ways

Topic 5.10: Temperance

Learning Objectives:  Explain the causes and effects of temperance

Essential Understandings:  –Understand the work of the Women’s Christian Temperance Union –Understand the impact on women of Muscular Christianity

Recommended Sources: —American Spirits (Constitution Center) Images of temperance fountains —Petaluma fountain —Primary sources on temperance from the Library of Congress

Thematic Focus: Women’s labor, industry and technology

Women have played major roles in the development of American industry and have been subject to both physical and emotional labor

Topic: 5.11: Women in the West

Learning Objectives:  –Explain regional trends regarding women in the western states with regards to political, social and economic development

Essential Understandings:  –Women in the Klondike gold rush (Alaska) Montana Women working the railroads, mines, ranches, & hotels –Business women in Texas running hotels Women jewelers, social workers, writers, and journalists in South Dakota Cowgirls of Wyoming

Recommended Sources: –Becoming Citizens: The Emergence and Development of the California Women’s Movement, 1880-1911 by Gayle Gullett —Alaska Native women —The Role of Women in 19th Century San Antoniol Sandra Myres, Westering Women and the Frontier Experience, 1800-1915 (Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, 1982). —Women’s History Sources at the Center for Western Studies –Chinese women held in detention at Angel Island

Thematic Focus: Women’s labor, industry and technology

Women have played major roles in the development of American industry and have been subject to both physical and emotional labor

Thematic Focus: Women’s Activism

Women have utilized a wide variety of strategies to demonstrate agency and challenge male authority throughout American history. Women have also contributed to the pursuit of equality with men, even as they worked to define it in different ways

Topic: 5.12: Settlement Houses & the election of 1912

Learning Objectives:  –Explain the causes and effects of the settlement house movement –Explain the connections between the settlement movement and other reform movements such as education, suffrage and temperance –Explain the 4 major candidates in the election of 1912 and their positions on women’s issues

Essential Understandings:  –Understand that many women involved in settlement work lived in Boston marriages –Understand why Jane Addams was a pivotal leader in the settlement movement

Recommended Sources: Jane Addams-Hull House Museum Settlement houses from the GLBTQ archive Primary Sources from Library of Congress– Children’s lives at the Turn of the 20th Century “Women’s Rights: and the Duties of Both Men and Women” by Theodore Roosevelt, Outlook, Feb. 3, 1912 Biography of Grace Abbott

Topic: 5.13:  Founding Figures of Period 5

Learning Objectives:  Explain the causes and effects of founding figures of Period 5

Essential Understandings:  –Understand the political, social, and/or economic work of the following women —Madame C.J. Walker —Lucy Parsons —Charlotte Perkins Gilman —Sissieretta Jones, the first Black female entertainer to sing at the White House —Clara Barton —Carrie Nation —Mary “Mother” Jones —Susette La Flesche Tibbles “Bright Eyes” —Alice Roosevelt Longworth —Anna Julia Cooper —Belva Lockwood

Recommended Sources: –1913 Alpha Kappa Alpha letter to Alice Paul —Mary Church Terrell Praises the Club Work of Colored Women (1901) –Excerpts from The Crisis –Excerpts from Crusade for Justice: The –Autobiography of Ida B. Wells –The Liberation of Black Women by Pauli Murray –Excerpts from Crusade for Justice: The Autobiography of Ida B. Wells